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Hiina teaduste akadeemia ja Šotimaa Abedeeni ülikooli geneetikud uurisid laborihiiri, kel oli mutatsioon geenis SLC35D3. Geen toodab valku, mis kontrollib signaalide liikumist rahuolutunnet tekitavas aju dopamiinisüsteemis.
Lisaks kõigele muule mõjutab dopamiin ka imetajate füüsilist aktiivsust. SLC35D3 tundub olevat eriti oluline, kuna see liigutab raku sees toodetud retseptorid raku pinnale, kus need saavad dopamiiniga seostuda.
Mutanthiirtel oli ajurakkude pinnal vähem dopamiiniretseptoreid. Uurimuse autori John Speakmani sõnul oli info liikumine nende dopamiinisüsteemis takistatud. Sellised närilised olid laisad ja kõndisid üldse palju vähem kui tavalised hiired. Kui geenimuutusega loomad otsustasid jalutada, tegid nad seda tavatult aeglaselt.
Hiired muutusid tüsedaks ja nende tervis sarnanes inimestele, kel on ainevahetussündroom – ainevahetus oli häiritud, veresuhkru tase tõusis ja vererõhk oli normaalsest kõrgem.
Huvitaval kombel muutusid hiired aktiivsemaks, kui neile anti dopamiini signaalsüsteemi turgutavat ravimit. Närilised hakkasid rohkem jalutama ja jooksma ning võtsid kaalust alla.
Seejärel uurisid teadlased ülekaalulisi inimesi, kel oli diagnoositud ainevahetussündroom. Ka neil leiti SLC35D3-geenis mutatsioone. Speakmani sõnul esinevad sellised geenimuutused ligikaudu ühel inimesel kahesajast.
Uurija ettepanekul võiks edaspidi ainevahetussündroomiga inimeste geene uurida. Kui mutatsioon leitakse, saab selle tekitatud kahju leevendada dopamiinisüsteemi mõjutavate ravimitega.
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